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2.
Rev. chil. cir ; 64(5): 457-461, oct. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-651874

ABSTRACT

Background: Perforation is an unusual presentation of gastric cancer. There is disagreement about its prognosis and treatment. Aim: To describe the clinical, morphological, therapeutic and prognostic features of perforated gastric cancer. Material and Methods: Reviewing the registry of a pathology laboratory in a general hospital, 13 patients with perforated gastric cancer, aged 48 to 75 years and operated in a period of 20 years, was identified. The medical records of these patients were reviewed and eventual deaths were identified using death certificates. Results: A gastrectomy was performed in 9 cases and lymph node dissection in six. Seventy eight percent were T4 tumors and all patients in whom a lymph node dissection was done, had lymph node involvement. In 10 cases, the preoperative diagnoses were a perforated peptic ulcer. Mean global survival was six months. The figures for patients subjected or not subjected to gastrectomy were 21.5 and 3.7 months, respectively (p < 0.01). One of five patients subjected to emergency surgery, died. Conclusions: Perforation occurs usually in advanced stages of gastric cancer and older patients. In this report those patients subjected to gastrectomy have a better survival.


Introducción: El cáncer gástrico perforado (CGP) es una infrecuente forma de presentación de la enfermedad. Su pronóstico y manejo quirúrgico son motivo de controversias. El objetivo de este estudio es describir variables clínico-morfológicas de pacientes con CGP junto con valorar el tratamiento e impacto en la supervivencia (SV) de estos pacientes. Material y Método: Estudio de cohorte histórica. Se estudiaron variables clínico-morfológicas, de tratamiento y SV de pacientes con CGP sometidos a cirugía radical o paliativa en el Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena de Temuco entre enero de 1986 y diciembre de 2007 (n = 13). Utilizando los paquetes estadísticos Epi-info 6.0 y Stata 9.0, se aplicó estadística descriptiva, analítica y análisis de SV. Resultados: Se constató 13 casos de CGP (1,8 por ciento) con un promedio de edad de 64,2 años (35-75 años). Se efectuó gastrectomía en 9 pacientes (69 por ciento) en 6 de ellos con disección ganglionar. El 78 por ciento correspondió a tumores T4 y todos los casos con disección ganglionar presentaron compromiso de los linfonodos. En 10/13 el diagnóstico pre-operatorio fue úlcera péptica perforada (UPP) permitiendo los hallazgos intra-operatorios sospechar el carácter neoplásico maligno en 10/13 casos. El promedio de SVglobal fue 16 meses, siendo de 21,5 y 3,7 meses (p < 0,001) para el subgrupo sometido a gastrectomía y reparación respectivamente. La mortalidad quirúrgica en sujetos sometidos a gastrectomía de urgencia fue 20 por ciento (1/5). Conclusiones: La perforación gástrica se presenta habitualmente en pacientes mayores y con estadios avanzados de la enfermedad, nuestros pacientes gastrectomizados con intención curativa mostraron mejores resultados de supervivencia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Stomach Neoplasms/complications , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Cohort Studies , Stomach/injuries , Gastrectomy , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Postoperative Period , Prognosis , Intestinal Perforation/etiology , Survival Rate
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(10): 1321-1324, oct. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-668707

ABSTRACT

Background: We report a 74 years old male consulting for multiple painless non pruriginous pink plaques and nodules of truncal distribution that appeared 15 days earlier. A skin biopsy disclosed a blastic plasmocytoid dendritic cell neoplasm. A staging CAT scan showed lymphadenopathies located around the trachea and its bifurcation. A bone marrow biopsy did not show tumor infiltration. The patient has been treated with four cycles of cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine-prednisone, obtaining a partial remission of the lesions.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Dendritic Cells/pathology , Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Antigens, CD/analysis , Immunohistochemistry , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(4): 1313-1316, dic. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627007

ABSTRACT

El quiste broncogénico es un remanente del desarrollo de traquea y bronquios. Alteraciones en la migración de células durante el desarrollo, permite que estos grupos originen quistes revestidos por epitelio respiratorio. La ubicación más habitual es la intratoráxica, dentro de ella, la intrapulmonar es la más frecuente, seguida de la mediastínica. El diagnóstico definitivo se establece mediante la biopsia diferida. Es una patología poco frecuente y las presentaciones extra torácicas son muy infrecuentes, por lo que compartimos dos casos, uno de ubicación sublingual y otro de ubicación subcutánea en zona escapular.


The bronchogenic cyst is a remanent of the development of the tracheobronchial tree. Alterations in cell migration during development cause the formation of cyst lining by respiratory epithelium. They are usually located in the thorax in lung and mediastinum. The definite diagnosis is realized with the pathology report. This is an uncommon pathological condition and the extra- thoracic forms are very unusual. We present two cases, one of which is of sublingual location and the other of subcutaneous location at the scapular site.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Bronchogenic Cyst/surgery , Bronchogenic Cyst/pathology , Scapula , Tongue
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(10): 1330-1335, oct. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-612201

ABSTRACT

Sertoli Cell Tumors are less than 1 percent of all testicular tumors. We report a 14-year-old male presenting with a left testicular mass. Orchiectomy was carried out and the pathological study informed a large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (LCCSCT). Its association with the Carney complex and Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome was subsequently discarded. Surgical excision was completed with a radical orchiectomy. After eight months of follow up, there is no evidence of tumor relapse.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Sertoli Cell Tumor/pathology , Testicular Neoplasms/pathology , Carney Complex/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome/diagnosis
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(9): 1206-1209, set. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-612247

ABSTRACT

We report a 54-year-old male that, after working in a rural zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, presented with an itching cutaneous lesion in the wrist with a black small central zone. The patient extracted from the lesion a on of 0.5 mm diameter. The pathological study of the insect recognized its body segments. The epidemiological background and the characteristics of the lesion led to the diagnosis of tungiasis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Siphonaptera , Travel , Tungiasis/parasitology , Brazil , Chile
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(8): 992-997, ago. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-612213

ABSTRACT

Background: Extracapsular lymph node involvement has a negative prognosis in malignant tumors. Aim: To assess the prognostic importance of extracapsular lymph node involvement in patients with gastric cancer with lymph node metastases. Material and Methods: Clinical and morphological features and survival of patients with gastric cancer and lymph node involvement operated between 1986 and 2003, were analyzed. Patients with and without extracapsular involvement were compared. Results: During the study period, 459 gastrectomies were performed, 312 patients (68 percent) had lymph node involvement and 144 (31 percent) had extracapsular involvement. Patients with and without extracapsular involvement were followed for a median of 10 (range 1 to 120) and 41 (range 1 to 193) months, respectively. Five years actuarial survival for patients with and without extracapsular involvement was 23 and 40 percent respectively. Extracapsular lymph node involvement and level of wall infiltration were identified as prognostic factors using a multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Extracapsular lymph node involvement is an independent risk factor for mortality among patients with gastric cancer.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Follow-Up Studies , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Lymphatic Metastasis , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery
8.
Rev. chil. cir ; 63(3): 250-256, jun. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597512

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Oral cancer is a common disease in many parts of the world, in Chile only accounts for 1.6 percent of all cancers. The majority is squamous cell carcinoma with important clinical, epidemiological and pathological differences between lip, oral and orofaringeal locations. Objective: To analyze clinical and pathological characteristics of oral and oropharingeal squamous cell carcinoma in Temuco, Chile. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study of all diagnosed cases in 15 years (1994 and 2008). The patients were analyzed according to gender, age; and the tumors were classified based on anatomic location, size, macroscopical findings and degree of differentiation. Results: We found 93 carcinomas, with male to female ratio of 5:1, average age 67 years. Patients under 50 years accounted for only 8 percent of cases. The most common sites were lower lip, tongue and gingiva, with an average size of 28 mm, which increased towards orofarinx and more than half were moderately differentiated. Conclusions: In our region, this carcinoma most often affects the seventh decade of life and male population and has similar characteristics to those in other countries which is predominantly. The size at diagnosis is significant. The detection of some differences in the group with mapuche surnames warrants a study with a larger number of cases.


Introducción: El cáncer oral es una enfermedad frecuente en muchas partes del mundo, en Chile corresponde al 1,6 por ciento del total de cánceres. La gran mayoría corresponde a carcinoma epidermoide, con importantes diferencias clínicas, epidemiológicas y patológicas entre las localizaciones labial, intraoral y orofaríngea. Objetivo: Analizar las características clínicas y patológicas del carcinoma epidermoide oral y orofaríngeo en Temuco, Chile. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de todos los casos diagnosticados en 15 años (1994 y 2008), en el Hospital Regional de Temuco. Los pacientes fueron analizados de acuerdo a género, edad, y los tumores fueron clasificados basados en su localización anatómica, tamaño, características macroscópicas y grado de diferenciación. Resultados: Se encontraron 93 carcinomas, con relación hombre:mujer de 5:1, edad promedio 67 años. Pacientes menores a 50 años correspondían sólo al 8 por ciento de los casos. Las localizaciones más frecuentes fueron labio inferior, lengua y encía, con un tamaño promedio de 28 mm, el que aumentó hacia la orofarinx, más de la mitad eran moderadamente diferenciados. Conclusiones: En nuestra región, este carcinoma afecta con mayor frecuencia a la séptima década de la vida y a población masculina y posee características similares a las descritas en otros países donde predomina la raza blanca. El tamaño al diagnóstico es considerable. La detección de algunas diferencias en el grupo con apellidos mapuches amerita un estudio con un mayor número de casos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Age and Sex Distribution , Chile , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies
9.
Rev. chil. cir ; 63(2): 154-161, abr. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-582966

ABSTRACT

Background: The degree of tumor infiltration and lymph node involvement are the most relevant pathological features to determine prognosis of advanced gastric cancer. Aim: To determine the association between clinical and pathological features of advanced gastric cancer and patient survival. Material and Methods: The pathological records of patients with advanced gastric cancer subjected to gastrectomy and lymph node excision between 1986 and 2007 were analyzed. Follow up was performed according to data in the clinical records and death certificates obtained at the Chilean National Death Registry. The main outcome analyzed was survival after surgery. Results: The records of 299 patients aged 62 +/- 11 years (68 percent males), were analyzed. Mean follow up ranged from 1 to 206 months. Five and 10 years actuarial survival was 39 and 34 percent, respectively. The pathological predictors of survival were microscopic tumor stage, tumor size and location, Bormann classification, infiltration level, degree of differentiation, pathological type of tumor according to Lauren, Ming y Nakamura, lymph node involvement and the absence of residual tumor after surgical excision. Conclusions: The pathological study of the surgical piece in advanced gastric cancer has important prognostic implications.


Introducción: El estudio de la pieza operatoria de pacientes resecados por cáncer gástrico (CG) ha permitido identificar variables anatomo-patológicas con valor pronóstico en la supervivencia (SV) y recurrencia de estos pacientes, siendo el compromiso ganglionar linfático y nivel de infiltración tumoral, los factores más relevantes identificados. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar asociación entre variables clínicas y morfológicas con la SV de pacientes resecados por CG avanzado (CGA). Material y Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se estudiaron variables clínicas y morfológicas de 299 pacientes operados por CGA entre enero de 1986-diciembre de 2001. Los datos fueron obtenidos desde la Unidad de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena de Temuco. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva y analítica; confección de curvas de supervivencia, y finalmente se aplicaron modelos de regresión logística para realizar ajuste, calcular odds ratios y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza de 95 por ciento. Resultados: La cohorte tuvo una mediana de edad de 63 años y el 68 por ciento de ella correspondió al género masculino. Con una mediana de seguimiento de 21 meses (1 a 206), se observó una SV actuarial global a 5 y 10 años de 39 por ciento y 34 por ciento respectivamente. En el análisis bivariado, se verificó asociación con la SV en: etapa tumoral macroscópica, localization y tamaño tumoral, tipo según Bormann, nivel de infiltración, grado de diferenciación histológico, tipo histológico según Lauren, Ming y Nakamura, estado ganglionar linfático (N), estadio TNM y resultado de la resección realizada. Conclusiones: Las variables mencionadas deben ser cuidadosamente evaluadas al momento de decidir terapias en pacientes con CGA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Gastrectomy , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Follow-Up Studies , Logistic Models , Lymphatic Metastasis , Multivariate Analysis , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Survival Analysis
10.
Rev. chil. cir ; 63(2): 162-169, abr. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-582967

ABSTRACT

Background: Early gastric cancer corresponds to those tumors that only involve mucosa and submuco-sa. It is associated with a high survival rate. Aim: To determine pathological factors associated with survival in early gastric cancer. Material and Methods: Analysis of pathological records of 106 patients, with a median age of 63 years (60 percent> males), subjected to a gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Follow up was performed according to data in the clinical records and death certificates obtained at the Chilean National Death Registry. Results: Five years global survival of patients was 91 percento. Lymph node involvement was more common among tumors bigger than 35 mm, with a low degree of differentiation and among those tumors classified as diffuse according to Lauren. Survival was significantly lower for bigger tumors, those with of a low degree of differentiation, diffuse tumors according to Lauren and those with lymph node involvement. Conclusions: Early gastric cancer has a high five years survival. Bigger tumors, those with a low degree of differentiation and those with lymph node involvement are associated with lower survival rates.


Introducción: El cáncer gástrico incipiente (CGI) es aquel que compromete la mucosa o submucosa gástrica independientemente del compromiso ganglionar linfático, estimándose su prevalencia en Chile inferior al 20 por cientoo. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar prevalencia de CGI y asociación de variables biode-mográficas y morfológicas con la supervivencia (SV) de pacientes resecados por CGI. Material y Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se estudiaron variables biodemográficas y morfológicas de 106 pacientes resecados por CGI entre 1986-2007. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva y analítica; confección de curvas de SV, y finalmente se aplicaron modelos de regresión logística para realizar ajuste, calcular odds ratio y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza de 95 por ciento. Resultados: 15 por ciento correspondió a CGI. La mediana de edad fue 63 años y el 60 por ciento correspondió a género masculino con una SV global a 5 años de 91 por ciento. Se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre tumores mucosos y submucosos en cuanto a la localización tumoral y compromiso linfonodal junto con presentarse el compromiso nodal más frecuentemente en tumores > 35mm poco diferenciados y difusos de Lauren. El análisis multivariado identificó como factores asociados a la SV: tamaño tumoral, grado de diferenciación histológica en su variedad poco diferenciado, tipo difuso de Lauren y compromiso ganglionar linfático. Conclusiones: Se verificó una prevalencia de CGI de 15 por ciento, los que resecados presentan SV de 91 por ciento a 5 años. El compromiso linfonodal es un factor asociado a la SV; y además, se relaciona con tamaño tumoral, tipo histológico según Lauren, grado de diferenciación histológico y nivel de infiltración.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Gastrectomy , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Demography , Follow-Up Studies , Lymphatic Metastasis , Multivariate Analysis , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Prevalence , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(4): 432-438, abr. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597637

ABSTRACT

Background: The absence of lymph node involvement (N0) in gastric cancer is associated with a better survival. However some N0 gastric tumors still have a bad prognosis. Aim: To study demographic and morphological variables associated with prognosis in N0 gastric carcinoma. Material and Methods: Review of pathologica records of a regional general hospital, identifying patients with a N0 gastric cancer surgically excised between 1986 and 2003. Results: In the study period, 459 gastrectomies were performed for gastric cancer and in 32 percent, the tumor was devoid of lymph node involvement. These later patients were followed for a median of 64 months with a 71 percent fve years actuarial survival. Bivariate analysis identifed age, tumor size, gastric wallinfiltration, pathological type according to Lauren and Ming, lymphovascular involvement, number of lymph nodes excised and TNM stage as prognostic values Multivariate analysis disclosed the level of gastric wallinfiltration, the presence of a poorly differentiated tumor, lymphatic vascular involvement, number of excise lymph nodes and tumor size as independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: N0 gastric tumors are found in 32 percent of gastrectomies for gastric cancer and have a 71 percent fve years actuarial survival. Gastric wallinfiltration, pathological degree of differentiation tumor size and lymphovascular involvement are independent prognostic factors.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Cohort Studies , Gastrectomy , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Stomach Neoplasms/secondary , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Survival Analysis
12.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(2): 171-176, feb. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-595283

ABSTRACT

Background: Gleason pathological score in prostate cancer is an importantprognostic indicator. However, the concordance between the score of trans rectal needle biopsies and the final score of the surgical piece may be variable. Aim: To analyze the concordance between Gleason scores of trans rectal prostate biopsies and those of the surgical piece obtained after prostatectomy. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 168 pathological records of radical prostatectomies, performed between 1993 and 2009. All these patients had also a trans rectal biopsy performed previously. Patients with less than 12 tissue cylinders obtained during the trans rectal biopsy or incomplete data were not included in this analysis. Results: Sixty eight percent of trans rectal biopsies had Gleason scores that were concordant with those of the surgical piece. The score was higher or lower in 27 and 10 percent of biopsies, respectively. Conclusions: Gleason scores of trans rectal biopsies and those of the surgical piece were concordant in 68 percent of cases in this series of pathological records.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma/pathology , Prostate/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Biopsy, Needle , Carcinoma/surgery , Neoplasm Grading , Prognosis , Prostate/surgery , Prostatectomy , Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(12): 1535-1538, dic. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583051

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcosis is an invasive mycotic infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, an encapsulated, yeast-like fungus. It is considered an opportunist infection, since it mainly affects immunocompromised subjects. However there are isolated reports of the infection in immunocompetent subjects. Cryptococcal infection of intra-abdominal organs or tissues is extremely rare. We report a 21-year-old HIV positive male that, during the treatment of a meningeal cryptococcosis, presented a clinical picture of an acute abdomen suggesting acute appendicitis. The patient was operated, finding enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes forming conglomerates and a macroscopically normal appendix. The conglomerated lymph nodes and the appendix were excised. The pathological study of the surgical piece revealed an intra abdominal cryptococcal lymphadenitis and a normal appendix.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/pathology , Abdomen, Acute/microbiology , Appendicitis/pathology , Cryptococcosis/pathology , Mesenteric Lymphadenitis/pathology , Appendicitis/microbiology
14.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 27(5): 398-405, oct. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-572002

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El síndrome cardiopulmonar por hantavirus (SCPH) es una enfermedad infecciosa aguda, caracterizada por insuficiencia cardio-respiratoria súbita y alta mortalidad, causada por un virus ARN del género Hantavirus, familia Bunyaviridae. Un 15 por ciento de los casos chilenos ha sido pesquisado en la Araucanía. Objetivo: Conocer en casos fatales de SCPH, sus características clínicas y morfológicas. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo de siete casos fatales con examen postmortem, de SCPH, atendidos entre 1997 y 2009 en el Hospital Regional de Temuco. Resultados: Los casos fueron principalmente pacientes jóvenes, rurales, con un cuadro de compromiso respiratorio progresivo, con leucocitosis, trombopenia e infiltrado pulmonar intersticial bilateral. Los principales hallazgos histopatológicos fueron un acentuado edema pulmonar intra-alveolar e intersticial, con escaso daño epitelial e infiltrado mono-nuclear y leve edema miocárdico con infiltrado mononu-clear. Conclusiones: Los antecedentes epidemiológicos, clínicos y laboratorio permiten sospechar SCPH. En los casos fatales la autopsia permite diferenciar el SCPH de otras patologías similares y aporta tejidos para confirmar el diagnóstico.


Introduction: Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is an acute infectious disease characterized by sudden cardiorespiratory failure and high mortality, caused by a RNA virus of the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae, 15 percent of Chilean cases have been detected in the Araucania Region. Objective: To determine in fatal cases of HCPS, clinical and morphological characteristics. Materials and Methods: Descriptive-retrospective analysis of seven fatal cases with postmortem study of HCPS, attended between 1997 and 2009 at the Hospital of Temuco, Chile. Results: Cases were young patients from rural areas, and presented as an illness of progressive respiratory failure, with leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates. Main morphological findings were marked intersticial and intraalveolar pulmonary edema, with minimal epithelial injury and mononuclear cell intersticial infiltrate and mild edematous intersticial inflamatory process. Conclusions: Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory background allow to suspect HCPS. In fatal cases, the autopsy makes possible to discard other similar pathologies and provide tissue for confirmation of the disease.


Subject(s)
Adult , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/pathology , Autopsy , Chile/epidemiology , Fatal Outcome , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Orthohantavirus/immunology , Lung/ultrastructure
15.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(5): 458-464, oct. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577281

ABSTRACT

Background: Signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach corresponds to 3 to 39 percent of all gastric malignant tumors, and its prognostic significance is not well known. Aim: To compare the prognosis of signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach with other types of gastric cancer. Material and Methods: Review of 451 patients operated for gastric carcinoma. Signet ring cell carcinomas were compared with the rest of tumors. Results: One hundred twenty tumors (27 percent) were signet ring cell carcinoma, they were more commonly located in the lower third of the stomach, were less differentiated, bigger and had more lymph nodes involved. Patients with this variety of tumor were younger, more often women and their survival was lower, even when separating incipient and advanced tumors. Conclusions: Signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach had a worst prognosis that other type of gastric tumors.


Introducción: La incidencia de carcinoma gástrico (CG) de células en anillo de sello (CAS) varía de 3 por ciento a 39 por ciento. Trabajos de supervivencia en pacientes con tumores gástricos reportan resultados contradictorios en cuanto a la importancia pronostica del tipo histológico CAS respecto a los otros tipos histológicos. El objetivo del estudio es describir y evaluar la importancia pronostica del tipo histológico CAS comparado con los carcinomas no anillo de sello (CNAS). Material y Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se estudiaron variables clínicas y morfológicas de 451 pacientes operados por CG en el Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena de Temuco entre Enero/1986-Diciembre/2001 agrupándose para el análisis según el diagnóstico histopatológico en CAS y CNAS. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio de los datos y posteriormente se aplicó estadística descriptiva con cálculo de medidas de tendencia central y extrema; y estadísticas analíticas, aplicando Chi cuadrado de Pearson y test exacto de Fisher para variables categóricas, T-Student para variables continuas, Kaplan-Meier y Log-rank test para análisis de supervivencia. Resultados: Un 27 por ciento (120) correspondió a CAS observándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos CAS y CNAS para las siguientes variables: género, edad, localización y tamaño tumoral, grado de diferenciación histológico y compromiso ganglionar linfático. El análisis de supervivencia demostró un peor pronóstico para el grupo de CAS (p = 0,02). En el análisis por separado de tumores incipientes y avanzados respecto del tipo histológico, no observamos diferencias significativas para lesiones incipientes (p = 0,07) mientras que para lesiones avanzadas el CAS se asocia a un pronóstico desfavorable (p < 0,0001). Conclusiones: Observamos en nuestra serie un peor pronóstico asociado al tipo histológico CAS respecto a los otros tipos histológicos (CNAS), información crucial que, aportada al clínico, deberá ser...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/mortality , Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Cohort Studies , Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/surgery , Gastrectomy , Lymphatic Metastasis , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis
16.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(4): 331-338, ago. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-565357

ABSTRACT

Background: The incidence of malignant melanoma is increasing steadily. Aim: To study pathological prognostic factors in malignant melanomas. Material and Methods: Review of pathological records of cutaneous malignant melanomas diagnosed between 1995 and 2008. Medical records of patients were re-viewed and those with distant metastases at the moment of surgery were excluded. Follow up was performed contacting patients and reviewing death records at the Chilean National Identification Registry. The cause of death was classified as related to the melanoma or unrelated. Results: One hundred sixty two records, corresponding to patients aged from 13 to 93 years (51 percent women), were included in the study. Twenty nine percent of patients died during the follow up period that ranged from 1 to 127 months. Five and ten year's survival was 71 and 60 percent respectively. A multivariable Cox analysis demonstrated that only the TNM classification of the primary tumor, which is categorized using the Breslow maximal depth, had prognostic significance. Compared to women, men had a 1.97 higher relative risk of dying due to the melanoma. Conclusions: TNM classification of melanomas is the most important prognostic factor for survival.


Introducción: El Melanoma Maligno (MM) de la piel ha aumentado su incidencia en 5 por ciento anual, se estima que 1 de cada 55 hombres y 1 de cada 77 mujeres desarrollará la enfermedad durante su vida. Método y Diseño: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de seguimiento de casos de melanoma maligno primario de la piel diagnosticados en la Unidad de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Dr. Hernán Henríquez Aravena de Temuco. Se incluyeron 162 casos de MM primario de piel. El período de seguimiento fue de 1 a 164 meses. El análisis estadístico se realizó según método de Kaplan-Meier para la descripción de sobrevida según las variables de interés, utilizando la prueba no paramétrica Log-rank, modelo univariado y multivariado de Cox. Resultados: Se incluyeron 162 casos en la cohorte de estudio. El 28,7 por ciento de los pacientes falleció producto del melanoma durante el tiempo de observación (rango 1 a 127 meses, mediana 23 meses). La sobrevida general de la cohorte a 5 y 10 años fue de 71 por ciento y 60 por ciento respectivamente. El análisis multivariado de Cox demostró que sólo la clasificación del tumor primario según TNM es significativa. Los hombres tienen un riesgo relativo de 1,97 para morir por MM. La edad y distribución topográfica no resultaron ser variables pronosticas. Conclusión: En nuestro estudio se confirman los indicadores histológicos de pronóstico de sobrevida en población de la región de La Araucanía, los factores de mayor importancia son el espesor máximo según Breslow, presencia de úlcera, tipo histológico y nivel de infiltración de Clark.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Melanoma/epidemiology , Melanoma/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Chile/epidemiology , Follow-Up Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Melanoma/mortality , Skin Neoplasms/mortality , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis
17.
Int. j. morphol ; 28(2): 477-482, June 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577140

ABSTRACT

El Tumor de Células de la Granulosa Juvenil (TCGJ) del testículo es una entidad clínico-patológica poco frecuente, que típicamente se presenta en la edad pediátrica representando el 15 por ciento de los tumores del estroma gonadal. Su comportamiento biológico es considerado benigno y la orquiectomía considerada curativa en estos pacientes. Se presenta el caso de un lactante de sexo masculino de 3 meses de edad con un TCGJ del testículo diagnosticado en la Unidad de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena de Temuco.


Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the testis (JGCT) is a uncommon clinical and pathological entity, typically present in children accounting for 15 percent of gonadal stromal tumors. Its biological behavior is deemed benign and orchiectomy considered curative in these patients. We present a case of a male infant 3 months of age with a JGCT diagnosed in the Pathology Unit of Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena, Temuco.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Testicular Neoplasms/pathology , Granulosa Cell Tumor/pathology , Testicular Neoplasms/surgery , Orchiectomy , Granulosa Cell Tumor/surgery
18.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(3): 255-261, jun. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-562725

ABSTRACT

Background: Malignant appendiceal tumors account for only 0.5 percent of all gastrointestinal tumors and there are usually diagnosed during the pathological study of excised appendices. Aim: To assess the factors influencing the survival of patients with appendiceal carcinomas. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of records of all primary appendiceal carcinomas diagnosed in the pathology unit of a regional hospital between 1993 and 2008. The surgical procedure, clinical history, morphological features of tumor and survival were recorded. Results: Eighty four patients aged 32 ± 15 years (44 women) with appendiceal carcinoma were identified. In 93 percent of patients, the clinical diagnosis was acute appendicitis. Sixty one patients (73 percent) had a carcinoid tumor, 20 (24 percent) an adenocarcinoma and three (3 percent), an adenocarcinoid tumor. Preoperative suspicion of a malignant tumor, level of tumor infiltration, pathological type, involvement of surgical borders, tumor size over 2 cm in the case of carcinoid tumors and the degree of differentiation of adenocarcinomas, had prognostic value. For adenocarcinomas, performing a right hemicolectomy significantly improved survival. Conclusions: Carcinoid tumors are the most common malignant tumor of the appendix. A right hemicolectomy may improve the survival of patients with appendiceal adenocarcinomas.


Introducción: Los tumores malignos del apéndice cecal representan tan sólo el 0,5 por ciento de todas las neoplasias gastrointestinales. Su diagnóstico generalmente no es sospechado por el clínico, siendo su diagnóstico un hallazgo durante el examen de la pieza operatoria. Algunos de estos tumores presentan buena supervivencia con la sola apendicetomía, aunque en ocasiones es necesario realizar tratamientos complementarios. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la asociación entre variables clínicas y morfológicas con la supervivencia de pacientes con carcinomas del apéndice cecal y analizar el tratamiento quirúrgico realizado. Material y Método: Cohorte retrospectiva de 84 pacientes con carcinomas apendiculares diagnosticados en el Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena de Temuco entre los años 1993-2008. Se estudiaron variables clínico-morfológicas, el tratamiento quirúrgico realizado y la supervivencia para estos pacientes. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y analítica, aplicando Chi-cuadrado y test exacto de Fisher para variables categóricas y T-Student para variables continuas; y prueba Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) para comparación de curvas de supervivencia con un IC de 95 por ciento. Resultados: Del total de apendicectomías (18.563) se verificaron 84 casos (0,45 por ciento); 48 por ciento hombres y 52 por ciento mujeres con una edad promedio de 31,9 +/- 15 años. En el 93 por ciento de los casos el diagnóstico clínico fue apendicitis aguda. Correspondieron a carcinoide, adenocarcinoma y adenocarcinoide en 61 (73 por ciento), 20 (24 por ciento) y 3 (3 por ciento) casos respectivamente. En el análisis bivariado las siguientes variables mostraron asociación pronóstica estadísticamente significativa: sospecha pre-operatoria (p = 0,009), nivel de infiltración tumoral (p = 0,04), tipo histológico (p = 0,009), compromiso de bordes quirúrgicos (p < 0,001), tamaño tumoral > 2 cm en tumores carcinoides (p = 0,001) y grado de diferenciación en adenocarcinomas...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma/surgery , Carcinoma/pathology , Appendiceal Neoplasms/surgery , Appendiceal Neoplasms/pathology , Appendectomy , Adenocarcinoma/mortality , Chi-Square Distribution , Carcinoma/mortality , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Appendiceal Neoplasms/mortality , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis
19.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(5): 590-594, mayo 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-553259

ABSTRACT

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosupressor agent frequently used in patients after bone marrow or solid organ transplants. The most common adverse reactions of the drug are gastrointestinal, specially diarrhea and vomiting. We report a 53-year-old male, that received a heart transplant receiving immunosuppression with cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone. Six months after the transplant, the patient started with diarrhea, anorexia and weight loss. A duodenal biopsy showed villous atrophy. Celiac disease and the presence of parasites were discarded. Mycophenolate mofetil was discontinued and one week later, diarrhea subsided. Two months later the patient was asymptomatic and recovered weight. A new duodenal biopsy showed absence of villous atrophy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Duodenum/pathology , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Microvilli/pathology , Mycophenolic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Atrophy , Biopsy , Heart Transplantation/immunology , Kidney Transplantation/immunology , Mycophenolic Acid/adverse effects
20.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(2): 125-130, abr. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-563782

ABSTRACT

Background: In the last decade, changes in therapy and on the epidemiological and pathological behavior of gastric cancer have occurred in Chile. Aim: To compare the natural history of gastric cancer in two periods (1986-1995 and 1996-2005) in the ninth region of Chile. Material and Methods: Medical records of 563 gastrectomies for gastric cancer, performed between January 1986 and December 2005 and kept at a Pathology Unit of a public hospital, were reviewed. Clinical and morphological variables were analyzed (histological Lauren type, differentiation degree, location and macroscopic type, infiltration level, number of resected and involved lymph nodes). Results: A significant increase in the frequeney of the diffuse type of gastric cancer was observed in the seeond period in study, with a concomitant deerease of the intestinal type. A reduction in tumor size and number of excised lymph nodes was also observed. Conclusions: In the seeond study period, morphological changes in gastric cancer, were observed.


Introducción: El cáncer gástrico (CG) es la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en Chile (tasa de mortalidad general de 19,5 x 10(5) y 24,8 x 10(5) habitantes a nivel nacional y IX Región respectivamente). Se han descrito cambios epidemiológicos, histopatológicos y de tratamiento para CG. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la historia natural del CG en la IX región de Chile comparando dos periodos (1986-1995 y 1996-2005). Material y Método: Cohorte histórica. Se incluyeron todos los casos de gastrectomías por CG de la Unidad de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena entre Enero de 1986 y Diciembre de 2005 (n = 563). Se estudiaron variables clínicas (edad, género y estadio TNM) y morfológicas (tipo histológico según Lauren, grado de diferenciación, localización y tipo macroscópico de la lesión, nivel de infiltración, número de ganglios resecados y comprometidos por el tumor). Se aplicó estadística descriptiva y analítica usando t-test y ANOVA para variables continuas, chi² y exacto de Fisher para variables categóricas. Resultados: De las características estudiadas, se evidenció un incremento estadísticamente significativo del tipo difuso en el segundo período en estudio a expensas de un decremento del tipo intestinal; así también una disminución en el tamaño tumoral y número de ganglios linfáticos resecados. Conclusiones: Se verificaron cambios morfológicos del CG experimentados a nivel regional en los períodos estudiados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Analysis of Variance , Chile/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Time Factors , Gastrectomy , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery
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